New delamination after reflow in moisture-exposed packages
Confirm new reflow damage and interface depth, then compare exposure / drying under common thermal loads. Do not assume all delamination is moisture-driven.
Mold resin / die / substrate interfaces · Moisture exposure, drying controls, and reflow
Substrate insulation leakage under humidity and bias
First confirm insulation paths between conductors in an organic substrate and valid temperature-humidity-bias measurements, then distinguish fixture, surface-contamination, and internal CAF hypotheses.
Adjacent conductors and dielectric insulation paths in an organic substrate · Temperature-humidity-bias testing or insulation-resistance testing
First confirm the TSV-to-silicon bulk topology, aggregate geometry, and low-current background, then compare liner depth and process contamination using controls that have not undergone breakdown.
Insulating liner between TSV copper and silicon · Via formation, after liner deposition or copper filling, and bias verification
First localize IMC / metal-interface fracture surfaces and the actual layer sequence, then control metallization, aging, and loading mode to compare materials and bonding processes.
Solder intermetallic compounds and UBM / pad interfaces · Physical analysis after assembly, thermal aging, or mechanical loading
Board-level BGA solder-joint fatigue under thermal cycling
Confirm that board-level BGA solder joints were initially formed, then compare fatigue responses using staged damage, measured specimen loads, and material and geometry controls.
Formed BGA solder joints between the package and PCB · Passive thermal cycling and board-level reliability
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